Asylum, Refugee and Migration Statistics South Africa

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Want to separate fact from fiction when it comes to migration flows to South Africa? Our updated and sourced asylum, refugee and migration statistics for South Africa aim to clearly set out the real numbers for you. See the text below each image for hyperlinked sources to the data.

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Only 3-7% of those living in South Africa are foreign nationals (source). This statistic will be made clearer at the next national census, which is due in 2021.

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Statistics not available for 2019, however, in 2018, 18,104 asylum applications were made in South Africa4(source).

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Statistics not available for 2019, however, in 2018, 18,104 asylum applications were made in South Africa4(source).

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In 2009, 157,204 asylum applications were lodged. This then fell steadily from 2009 – 2011, rising slightly between 2013-2015. Since 2016, the number of asylum applications have been falling steadily hitting 18,104 in 201 (source).

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South Africa had 18,104 applications in 2018 and this is less than some other countries in Africa. For example, in 2018, Kenya had 19,3805 and Uganda had 19,6556 individual new asylum applications respectively. (source).

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In 2019, 676 300 asylum seekers applied for international protection in the 27 current Member States of the European Union, up by 11.2 % (source).

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As of 2019, 89 588 people hold refugee status in South Africa. (source).

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Somalia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazaville, Ethiopia,Burundi and Zimbabwe (source).

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Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh and Pakistan (source).

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It is not possible to track and give an accurate figure of undocumented people in South Africa, the data currently reports on the number of foreign nationals living in South Africa and they are estimated to be between 3 and 7% of the total population (source).

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An Amnesty International report found that poor decision-making, including mistakes of fact and lack of sound reasoning by RSDO’s has resulted in a 96% rejection rate of asylum applications (source).

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The Refugee Appeals Authority has a backlog of 147 794 cases.

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The Department of Home Affairs did not know how many of the 946 314 inactive section 22 applicants (as at 31 December 2017) were still in the country as the various systems were not integrated (source).

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Goods: Film on spaza shops’ role under lockdown

The Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town has released its latest mini-documentary, Goods, that explores the unexpected reactions to South Africa’s spaza shops brought about by the national covid-19 lockdown.

Press Statement: Asylum Corruption Report Launched

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Lawyers for Human Rights to Release Corruption Report in SA’s Asylum System

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On Tuesday, 15 September 2020, Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR), in collaboration with Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town and Corruption Watch, released its report Costly Protection: Corruption in South Africa’s Asylum System. The report tracks changes in corruption in the asylum system over the last five years, as well as instances of corruption purported to occur in and around the Refugee Reception Offices (RROs).

Prompted by clients’ continued reports of corruption and barriers to realising their refugee status, and ultimately not being able to access the RROs, with barriers to access including demands for bribes, LHR initiated the assessment underpinning this report in late 2019, using both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the current state of affairs in respect of corruption at RROs in South Africa.

Costly Protection: Corruption in South Africa’s Asylum System is a follow up to the report published by LHR and the African Centre for Migration & Society in 2015, “Queue Here for Corruption”, which was a quantitative assessment of corruption at South Africa’s RROs at that time. Costly Protection also takes note of the 2016 report published by Corruption Watch, Asylum at a Price, which highlights how corruption impacts those seeking legal protection in South Africa.

The report release will be accompanied by a webinar launch event on Thursday, 17 September 2020 at 9h00 via the Zoom platform which will cover corruption in South Africa and its effect on the rule of law, as well as the background and findings of “Costly Protection: Corruption in South Africa’s Asylum System”.

This report and launch event are made possible by the generous support of the Social Justice Initiative.

Contact us

For more information, contact:

Lawyers for Human Rights: Sharon Ekambaram, Sharone@lhr.org.za.

Corruption Watch: Phemelo Khaas, PhemeloK@corruptionwatch.org.za.

Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town: Sally Gandar, sally@scalabrini.org.za.

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Our Submissions on Citizenship Act Draft Regulations

In July 2020, the South African government published the Draft Amendment Regulations on the Citizenship Act, 1995. The Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town submitted comments on the Draft Regulations. Read more about our submissions, and how you can get involved.

Making business plans with the Employment Access Programme

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A warm, friendly voice on the other end of the phone, with echoes of children playing and talking in the background – Divine instantly makes you feel like you are talking to an old friend. Leaving her home country of DRC and her eventual arrival in South Africa were both journeys mired in fear. But Divine is a resilient, determined woman; she has taught herself English, raised a family, found jobs in all sorts of sectors and has used this experience and various online sessions from Employment Access to find a job during Covid-19. She wants to share her success and resilience with other women and eventually start her own business 

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Often, a barrier to integration is language. In Divine’s case, her lack of English actually helped her land her first job! “I could only say ‘good morning’. But Cross Trainer hired me because I spoke French – and that’s where I started learning English!” Divine started working at the Cross Trainer in Cape Town’s International Airport during the 2010 World Cup. It was here that her dreams of starting her own business began. 

Divine was an accountant at a big supermarket back home in Lubumbashi. Her father was a CEO, but because of ethnic fighting her father lost his job. Following this, Divine and her eldest sister fled to South Africa after being attacked in their home. The journey was long and potholed: what agents promised to be a few days took more than a week – with Divine and her sister being arrested at one point – while their family had no idea where they were. 

Although things seemed difficult on initial arrival in South Africa (Divine and her sister were victims of an armed home invasion) – Divine has managed to build a beautiful life. Having built up stability in South Africa, Divine is now focused on achieving her goals and assisting other women. 

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After leaving Cross Trainer, Divine worked in various different companies and positions. From an assistant manager at King Pie to a sales assistant at Exotic Persians, Divine has gained experience in an array of careers – which has helped her to find her current employment. “I like the hospitality world and I am definitely a people’s person,” she remarks, reflecting on her ultimate role as a guesthouse manager. 

After Divine took maternity leave from the guesthouse, she approached Scalabrini. She accessed the Advocacy Programme, then the Women’s Platform and then Employment Access – who helped Divine find employment during lockdown. When South Africa went into lockdown, Employment Access started various online sessions for clients aimed at getting them ready for successful job applications once the lockdown easedDivine joined many of these sessions including ‘Interview Questions Discussion’ and FUNZI courses (a platform that offers free Job Readiness courses). With the preparation and support offered to Divine from Employment Access – she went into her interview with confidence and got the job as Front of House Manager at a guesthouse – with the employer being particularly impressed that Divine had completed a Covid-19 course.  

Divine is now working this job with her business dream in mind. “I would like to start a sewing business. I’m good with outfits and evening wear, so I would like to start something where I can make lots of different things, and then help others who are also looking for jobs. I won’t let a woman like me just sit at home. I can help them and we can work together.” 

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Like many in South Africa and across the world, lockdown has been difficult time for Divine. It had the potential to derail her plans. “Lockdown was very stressful. We have three kids and my husband is still not back at work. They were sending invoices for school fees, the kids need to eat, and I need to buy nappies for the little one.”  

With the help of Employment Access and her dedication to the sessions offered by them, Divine is working again and can set her mind at ease. “I’m enjoying it and I’m learning more every day. I like learning. Before starting my own thing, it’s good to see how to run a business – from what I’m doing today, I will be able to run my own thing.” 

 

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Infographic: Applying for Social Relief of Distress Grant

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Eligible asylum seekers and special permit holders (Zimbabwean Exemption Permit, Lesotho Exemption Permit, and Angolan Special Permit) can apply for the SASSA Covid-19 Social Relief of Distress grant. Applications must be made on the SASSA web application portal, or by whatsapp using the details on the SASSA website. You may be eligible to apply if your asylum document or special permit was valid on 15 March 2020 (the date that the State of National Disaster in  South Africa was declared). See our information sheet below, as well as the SASSA website and FAQs for more information.

Apply at: https://srd.sassa.gov.za/

PLEASE NOTE: When you get the relevant step in a drop down menu make you select the correct permit. It will ask you if it is a special permit and what type (ASP/ZEP/LSP) or an asylum seeker document.

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Infographic and Explainer: UIF TERS Scheme

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This short article and infographic aims to make information available regarding the COVID-19 Temporary Employee / Employer Scheme (C19 TERS Scheme), with a focus on non-citizens in South Africa. The C19 TERS Scheme is ultimately for employees who were employed, but not working, during the national lockdown.

If you have any questions related to C19 TERS, you should contact the UIF CALL CENTRE : 0800 030 007. The UIF regularly posts updates on the UIF Twitter and Facebook.

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Important update!

The C19 TERS scheme has been extended to 15 March 2021. The extended period is broken up into two claim & payment periods: 16 October to 31 December 2020, and 1 January to 15 March 2021.

The new extension only applies to employees within those sectors whose employers have not been able to operate fully due to restrictions, and will only apply to employees who are contributors to the UIF

This means an employee who has not been able to work normally only qualifies to receive C19 TERS benefits if they are registered as a UIF contributor and work within a sector or business identified by the Department of Labour.

Other eligible persons may include those in isolation and quarantine (due to Covid-19), persons aged or older who cannot be safely accommodated at work, and persons with comorbidities (or persons at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19, and those who live with them) who could not be safely accommodated at work).

See the UIF’s FAQ on the C19 TERS Extension here.

Persons whose employment continue to be impacted by the national state of disaster (eg. working short time, shift rotations, temporary layoffs) but who do not work in the sectors specified for coverage under the new extension period may wish to pursue normal UIF benefit option, such as Reduced Work Time, by reaching out to the UIF CALL CENTRE (0800 030 007), or applying at the nearest Labour Centre or online here.

(1) What is C19 TERS?

The State of National Disaster declared by the South African government, and the National Lockdown that was enforced, meant that many people were not able to go to work. It also meant that many businesses stopped operating, which impacted people’s income. In response the National Lockdown, the SA government, through the Department of Labour, set up the COVID-19 Temporary Employee / Employer Scheme (C19 TERS) for the period of March 2020 to 15 March 2021 to assist employers. The C19 TERS benefit pays a limited portion of the salaries of employees where the employer had to close operations (completely or partially) due to the lockdown.

There are specific criteria that apply. Also, C19 TERS is separate from normal UIF benefits, and normal rules around a contributor’s credits do not apply under this scheme (under normal benefits, the total amount benefits received is subject to how long a employee has been contributing to UIF, or how many credits they have accrued).

C19 TERS benefits only pays a portion of the employee’s salary. An employer may contribute to the benefits for an employee, however the employee cannot receive more than 100% of their ordinary salary (including taking into account any payments received from the UIF in terms of the scheme). You cannot receive normal UIF Benefits and C19 TERS for the same time period. If you are recently unemployed (you been recently dismissed or retrenched). See Question 15, below.

(2) Who applies, and how do they apply?

Employers should make applications on behalf of their employees. Benefits will either be paid first to the employer, who then pays the employee, or directly to the employee (depending on the option selected when the application is made). Following the Amended Directive of 26 May 2020, persons eligible to benefit from C19 TERS include employees contributing to UIF AND employees (as defined by the UI Act) who should have received benefits under the directive but for circumstances beyond their control the employer failed to: register as an employer; register the employee with UIF as a contributor; or, make contributions in respect of the employee. However, this may only apply to the 27 March to 15 September 2020 time period.

During the new extension period (16 September 2020 to 15 March 2021), a person has to registered as a UIF contributor and meet other relevant criteria in order to be eligible.

Employers intending to apply can send an e-mail to Covid19ters@labour.gov.za for information and can apply online. Additional information for employers is available online here, via a guide here, and on the Dept of Labour site here. Employers can also contact the UIF Call Centre for assistance (0800 030 007). The Department also releases information on its social media pages – Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. If an employer has failed to initiate this process, the employee should contact the UIF Call Centre for assistance (0800 030 007), and they may need to lodge an individual application (see question 4).

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(3) How can I check up on the status of the application for C19 TERS benefits that was made on my behalf?

If your employer applied on your behalf, confirm which identity number they used in the application, and which months they applied for – it could be one, two or all three of the months mentioned above. It is useful for them to write out exactly which identity number they used so there are no errors when you check the status of the application using that number. You can check the status of the application for benefits (month by month) by using the Payment Status tool on the UIF-Covid-19 TERS National Disaster Application System, available here. When you check your Payment Status, you may encounter one of these messages:

“No employee found”

This could mean you entered the wrong identity number, there was an error when the application was made or the receipt of the relevant documents has not been processed yet, or your employer did not apply on your behalf. Confirm with your employer that you entered the correct number. If your employer confirms you entered the correct number, and they are sure they applied on your behalf, they should follow-up with the Department by contacting the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) (they should also confirm that you are registered on the uFiling online system). If you believe your employer did not apply on your behalf, contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) or go to the nearest Labour Centre for assistance.

“Application not processed yet”

This means that the application made on your behalf has been received, however the Department is still processing it. If the status of the application says it is not processed and this does not change, it may mean that your identity number still needs to be verified, there are supporting documents which are missing, or there are other issues which need to be rectified. You should ask your employer to follow-up with the Department by contacting the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007)

“Payment Processed”

This means the payment of benefits has been made. In most cases, the payment is made into your employer’s bank account – this would usually be the business bank account or the bank

account that your employer uses to pay salaries. After the Department pays the benefits to the employer, it may take 7 to 10 days to be reflected in their account. Once payment has been received by the employer, the employer is obliged to pay the benefits to the employee within 48 hours.

If you have not received the benefits within a reasonable time, you should follow up with your employer. If you have any concerns, you can follow-up with the Department of Employment and Labour by contacting the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007). If you encounter a message different from one of the above, contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) for information or assistance.

(4) What if my employer did not apply on my behalf?

If you believe your employer did not apply on your behalf, you should confirm with them, in writing, whether they have made the application. An employee should not make an application on their own behalf when an employer has already applied on their behalf as this could be considered fraud. If you are confused about this, always try to check with your employer and the UIF call centre.

If your employer did not apply on your behalf, you should contact the contact UIF Call Centre for assistance (0800 030 007), and you may need to lodge an individual application for C19 TERS benefits here by selecting “Employee Applications”. The Unemployment Insurance Fund COVID-19 TERS – Employee Application User Guide is available online here. If your employer falsely led you to believe that they applied on your behalf but in fact did not, you can contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) for information or assistance or approach the nearest Labour Centre. You may also consider approaching the CCMA.

(5)What if my employer is not following-up on my application?

An application may be delayed for various reasons, including errors made during the application. If your employer applied on your behalf, it is their responsibility to follow-up on the application. If your employer fails to follow-up on the application, you should contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) for information or assistance or approach the nearest Labour Centre. You may also consider approaching the CCMA.

(6) Can I benefit from C19 TERS if I am not a South African citizen (an asylum seeker, refugee, or migrant employee)?

Yes, as long as you have the appropriate documentation allowing you to legally work in South Africa. Your employer should apply on your behalf using the identity document that allows you to legally work in South Africa.

As a migrant employee, this may be your Passport and Work Permit, including a Zimbabwean Special dispensation Permit (ZSP), Lesotho Exemption Permit (LEP); or Angolan Special Permit (ASP). This could also be a person in possession of an asylum seeker or refugee document.

If you are a Permanent Resident, this might be non-citizen’s ID (green ID book). They may also need to submit additional documents on your behalf (see question 6).

(7) Applications made on behalf of non-South African Employees (information for employers)

The below information should be read with the information on how to apply for C19 TERS benefits can be found by referring to question 2.

Applications for C19 TERS benefits made on behalf of non-South African citizen employees may encounter delays, either because of “verif[ication] through interaction with the Department of Home Affairs and at time[s] the South African Revenue Service”, or other issues that impact South African and non-South African employees alike.

Employers should consult with the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) regarding applications made on behalf of non-South African employees.

When applying for non-South African citizen employees, employers may need to provide additional details for such employees to ease the verification and payment of benefits:

1. Name and Surname

2. ID or Passport or Work Permit number or identification or such method

3. Proof of how the employee was declared or registered with UIF or SARS

4. Attach proof of such declaration and a three months bank statement showing payment of salary to that staff member

Employers should also confirm that the employee is registered on the uFiling online system.

When applying on behalf on an employee, the employer should use the identity number associated with the relevant document that was used: when UIF contributions were made, when they were registered on the uFiling online system, and/or when they were registered with SARS. Normally, this will be the document that provides for the right to work, and it may be a passport number (with the relevant visa or permit therein), an 11 or 15-digit number associated with an asylum seeker permit or visa or formal recognition of refugee status, or a 13-digit refugee ID.

Some non-South Africans may have an asylum seeker permit or visa, refugee status, or refugee ID (click to see examples). In these cases, the employer should use these documents, and should not request a passport from their country of origin. If you are unsure of which document to use, you can contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007), or reach out to the Advocacy Programme of the Scalabrini Centre for advice (info@scalabrini.org.za; 021 465 6433; 078 260 3536 (during the lockdown).

(8) What if I am a non-South Africa citizen employee, and my South African colleagues have been paid but I have not been paid yet?

Applications for C19 TERS benefits made on behalf of non-South African employees may encounter delays, either because of “verif[ication] through interaction with the Department of Home Affairs and at time[s] the South African Revenue Service”, or other issues that impact South African and non-South African employees alike, including errors during the application processed. The most important thing is that you confirm with your employer that they have applied on your behalf.

You should ask your employer to confirm, in writing, that they made an application for C19 TERS benefits. This written confirmation should specify exactly which identity number they used in the application, and specify which months they applied for. Your employer should continue to follow-up on the application by contacting the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007).

(9) What if I did not pay UIF, can I still benefit from C19 TERS?

Following the Amended Directive of 26 May 2020, persons eligible to benefit from C19 TERS include employees contributing to UIF AND employees (as defined by the UI Act) who should have received benefits under the directive but for circumstances beyond their control the employer failed to: register as an employer; register the employee as a contributor; or, make contributions in respect of the employee. If your employer won’t help you, contact the UIF Call Centre (0800 030 007) or go to the nearest Labour Centre for assistance. However, this may only apply to the 27 March to 15 September 2020 time period.

During the new extension period (16 September 2020 to 15 March 2021), a person has to registered as a UIF contributor and meet other relevant criteria in order to be eligible.

(10) What if I believe my employer has engaged in fraudulent activity?

There may be many valid reasons why you have not received your C19 TERS benefits yet. However, if you believe your employer has engaged in fraudulent activity, or if they refuse to

pay your C19 TERS benefits, you should report the employer to the nearest Labour Centre or contact the Fraud Hotline (0800 212 799).

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(11) I am recently unemployed or retrenched. Am I eligible for C19 TERS benefits? How do I apply for normal UIF benefits?

C19 TERS benefits are intended to assist employers to pay employees who are currently employed but not working because of the lockdown. This is not the same thing as being unemployed.

If you are a UIF contributor and are unemployed because of termination, dismissal, or insolvency, or if you have reduced income owing to reduced working hours, you may be eligible to apply for normal UIF Benefits – apply online with the UIF Online Filing System. For more info, follow this UIF’s Easy Guide for Electronic Claims, call UIF for assistance (0800 030 007), or read our Explainer on UIF (updated link coming shortly).

If you were employed but not working because of the lockdown, and later you became unemployed (through dismissal, retrenchment, insolvency, etc.), your employer should have applied for C19 TERS benefits on your behalf for the eligible months that you weren’t working during the lockdown (March 2020 to 15 March 2021), and you should apply for normal UIF benefits to cover the period from when you were unemployed.

(12) What if I believe I have been unfairly dismissed or retrenched?

If you believe you have may have been unfairly dismissed or retrenched, you should approach the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA). Visit the CCMA’s website for more information. Please note that normally disputes must be raised with the CCMA within 30 days of the date of the dismissal.

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Scalabrini Centre releases the 2019 – 2020 Annual Report

Anya Sass: Advocacy Programme Volunteer

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Anya volunteers in the Scalabrini Advocacy Programme. This placement serves as a bridge between her experiences, which were rooted in a very real experience of conflict, and her dreams to become a refugee attorney. Anya reflects on past, present and future, and the threads that link them together.

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 A (long) road to Damascus

As a twelve-year-old, having read her father’s books on conflict and human rights, Anya announced her intention to be a war correspondent. Ten years later, having worked and travelled after high school, Anya planned a week-long trip to Syria. Once she arrived, Anya found a ‘hospitable, magical country rich in history’ – and ended up living there for four years.

Anya lived in Syria from 2011 to 2015 – during the height of the conflict. She was based in one of the oldest city cities in the world, Damascus. Here, she taught English to adult students. ‘There was a market for teaching English because many people were trying to learn the language before fleeing to another country,’ Anya explains.

Living in a warzone, one realizes that conflicts are ‘significantly more nuanced’ than their depiction in media. Although there was not any ‘active fighting’ in her neighborhood, Anya recalls that there was ‘regular shelling coming in from neighbouring areas – including the block next to us – routine car bombs and ambushes in our street’.

Conflict filters deeply into the way you lead your life, Anya explains. ‘You start to create a flawed logic to maintain your sanity. Like choosing to walk on the other side of the street because the bombing is coming from the other direction’.

‘No one makes the choice to be a refugee lightly.’

‘I watched many of my friends (in Syria) make a difficult decision to leave. It makes me angry when people try to categorize refugees as ‘economic migrants’. They just have no idea how difficult it is to make the decision to flee. There is a deep emotional trauma just making that decision, let alone acting on it.’

In 2015, Anya and her Syrian husband made that difficult choice themselves, and decided to go to Canada, Anya’s country of origin. Once there, Anya became increasingly vocal and dedicated to the rights of refugees.

With a plan of pursuing a career in the refugee sector, Anya enrolled herself at university. She is currently completing a joint major in Political Science and Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies at the Simon Fraser University in Vancouver.

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If this volunteer placement were a job, this would be my dream job.”

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The South African context

The volunteer placement in Scalabrini dovetailed neatly with Anya’s career plans. ‘If this volunteer placement were a job, this would be my dream job,’ Anya reflects. Her role at Scalabrini is to provide advocacy advice to clients and conduct research projects. However, the advice desk had to close when the National Lockdown was announced in March 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Volunteering during the Covid-19 pandemic

The pandemic resulted in fundamental changes to Anya’s volunteering placement. All services shifted online, and everyone had to work from home. ‘My placement at Scalabrini suddenly became remote’, she explains (on a Zoom call). ‘I miss dealing with clients – but it has been nice to have time to delve more deeply into research projects.’ She is currently working on research around a specific clause of the South African Immigration Act, which has allowed her the opportunity to interact with several lawyers in South Africa’s migration and refugee sector.

Common threads of migration

Having had such personal experiences of conflict and migration, one wonders if Anya sees any commons thread when working with people who are refugees in South Africa. Despite the very different context, says Anya, ‘I do think that people, wherever they are in the world, just want to have a basic level of comfort and safety.’

In Syria, Anya saw a conflict rooted in deeper histories and anxieties. These anxieties are exploited by bigger powers, which use propaganda to ‘play on people being angry. I don’t think people are inherently bad. Bad things happen to them, and they get manipulated into reacting in a bad way.’

The future

Where will Anya’s life take her next? After the completion of her degree, Anya plans to undertake a postgraduate course in forced migration. The ultimate goal, however is to be a refugee attorney. ‘I want to be a refugee lawyer fighting unfair border regimes … and doing the work I do now, in advocacy and refugee law’.

The volunteer placement at Scalabrini, it seems, has assisted with this goal. 'I’ve always received a lot of really valuable feedback from my work and I feel like I’ve learned a lot in my short time at Scalabrini, as well as come away with some extremely valuable experiences. This placement has been such a great learning opportunity and has only solidified that this is the field I want to stay in.'

With such rich life experiences and such powerful determination, we are sure she will successfully reach her goals. Good luck, Anya!

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Infographic: Overstaying your visa

Our infographic explains the consequences overstaying your visa issued in terms of South Africa’s Immigration Act, and what you can do about it. We also look at the impact of the Covid-19 National Lockdown on this.